It explores, as we shall see in the following section, issues such as the relation of mind to matter, to the cosmos, the nature of space, time, and causation, of self and identity, the possible and the eternal, of the nature of existence itself. Metaphysics concerns the fundamental nature of reality. In brief, Metaphysics Integration could enhance psychedelic therapy. Metaphysics is not mysticism (their differences are examined below) metaphysics is broader and its positions can be logically deliberated-as such metaphysics can encompass mystical experiences induced by psychedelic intake yet metaphysics can also ground those experiences in a manner that can be more intelligible, comprehensive, viable, and acceptable to participants than that which the framework of mysticism alone can offer. Enabling the recognition of such experiences as experiences of metaphysical systems through an additional and optional Metaphysics Integration strand within psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy could fortify, it will be proposed, the integration of a number of psychedelic experiences and thereby, it will be conjectured, lead to longer-term positive outcomes for certain patients-and life enrichment for others. For instance, experiencing the cosmos as sentient can be identified with the metaphysical system of Cosmopsychism (fourth column, first row of the Metaphysics Matrix). In this text we shall see how certain psychedelic experiences that seem to effect therapeutic outcomes in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy can be viewed as intuitions or experiences of established metaphysical systems (outlined in Figure 1). There are indeed philosophical implications of psychedelic use, 3 interwoven with the social and religious, and these implications can be used, I submit, to facilitate the integrative phase of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy. 432), paying heed therein to philosophers William James, Henri Bergson, John R. 1) goes as far as to claim that “philosophy owes its existence to metaphysics.” Psychiatrist Humphry Osmond, in the 1957 paper in which he coined the word “psychedelic,” 2 wrote that “perhaps most important: there are social, philosophical, and religious implications in the discoveries made by means of these agents” (1957, p. Metaphysics is taken to be one of three core pillars of the discipline of Philosophy. That this proposition is near tautologically obvious yet not implemented in practice is the deficiency which this text seeks to remedy. Metaphysics should be used to integrate and understand psychedelic-induced metaphysical experiences. Thus, in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy one sees here the potential bridge between reason-based philosophy and practical therapy-or, more broadly, with psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy there is the potential and mutually beneficial fusion of philosophy with practical science. Metaphysics, in contrast to mysticism, is considered to be based on argument rather than pure revelation. Metaphysics, with epistemology (theory of knowledge) and axiology (ethics and aesthetics), is a defining branch of Philosophy. Thereafter psychedelic therapy will be presented and analysed in order to reveal the missing place for metaphysics. Metaphysics is not mysticism, despite some overlap and certainly not all psychedelic experience is metaphysical or mystical-all three terms will be defined and contrasted. This schema (the “Metaphysics Matrix”) and a new Metaphysics Matrix Questionnaire (“MMQ”) stemming therefrom will be presented, the latter of which can also be used as an alternative or additional tool for quantitative measurement of psychedelic experience in trials. It will be argued that there is a potential extra benefit to patients in psychedelic-assisted therapy if they are provided with an optional, additional, and intelligible schema and discussion of metaphysical options at the integrative phase of the therapy. The essential proposal of this text is that psychedelic-induced metaphysical experiences should be integrated and evaluated with recourse to metaphysics. 2Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
1Department of Sociology, Philosophy, & Anthropology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
0 kommentar(er)
